Tranexamic acid, a synthetic derivative of lysine, is an antifibrinolytic drug with hemostatic properties. Tranexamic acid can strongly adsorb lysine binding sites (LBS) of fibrinolytic affinity sites on plasminogen and plasminogen, and inhibit the binding of plasminogen and plasminogen to fibrin, thus strongly inhibiting the fibrinolysis induced by plasminogen. In addition, the anti-fibrinolysis effect of tranexamic acid was more obvious in the presence of macroglobulin and other anti-fibrinolytic enzymes. Its bioavailability was 34% with a half-life of 3.1h.
Tranexamic acid is a kind of hemostatic magic drug in clinics, which is widely used and has little side effect. More interestingly, the drug is also used as a whitening agent, especially as a magic treatment for chloasma.
Chloasma (Melasma), also known as liver spot and butterfly spot, is caused by the increase of melanin in the skin, which cannot be eliminated effectively and timely, and deposited on the face. The pigmentation spots on the face are irregular in shape, symmetrical in distribution, of varying sizes, and varying shades of color. Affects the patient’s facial beauty, generally without conscious symptoms.
The mechanism of tranexamic acid in the treatment of chloasma is the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. This drug can directly compete with tyrosine and interfere with the catalytic effect of tyrosinase on tyrosine metabolism. It may also inhibit melanin formation by inhibiting the plasminogen-fibrinolytic system to interfere with the interaction between melanocytes and keratinocytes and reduce tyrosinase activity. The whitening effect of tranexamic acid is obvious. Its efficacy in removing black spots is about 50 times higher than that of vitamin C and nearly 10 times higher than that of alpha-hydroxy acid. So external use tranexamic acid also known as tranexamic acid black essence.
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